一般自我效能感量表(GSES)

　　一般自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale，GSES)是由德国心理学家Ralf Schwarzer和Matthias Jerusalem在1981年开发的一种工具，用于测量个体对自己能力的信心，即他们相信自己能够成功应对各种挑战和任务的程度。自我效能感是个体对自己执行特定行为以达到目标所需能力的信念，这一概念由Albert Bandura提出，并成为心理学中的一个重要概念。

　　The General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) is a tool developed by German psychologists Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in 1981 to measure individuals' confidence in their abilities, that is, the degree to which they believe they can successfully cope with various challenges and tasks. Self efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to perform specific behaviors to achieve their goals. This concept was proposed by Albert Bandura and has become an important concept in psychology.

　　GSES的主要目的是评估个体的一般自我效能感水平，帮助研究者理解个人面对生活中的困难时的信心程度。高自我效能感与更好的心理健康、更强的适应能力和更高的成就动机相关联。

　　GSES是一个简短但有效的量表，包含10个条目，每个条目旨在评估个体对自己处理各种情况的能力的信心。这些条目设计得非常直接且易于理解，适合不同文化背景的人群使用。